C Control Structures

The control statements used in the C language help a user to specify a program control's flow.

Functions in Python

Functions in Python such as defining, calling, arguments, return values, scope, lifetime, and recursion, are crucial for proficient programming.

Friend Function in C++

In C++, a friend function is a function that is not a member of a class but is granted special access to the private and protected members of that class.

Flip-Flops in Computer Organinsation

Flip-flops are digital circuits that store binary information. Flip Flops can change state based on input signals, representing 0 or 1.

2D Transformation in Computer Graphics

2D transformation is like changing the position, size, or orientation of a 2D object on a computer. 2D transformation is like tweaking, and adjusting.

Requirement Elicitation Techniques | Software Engineering

Requirement elicitation is the process of gathering, identifying, the needs of stakeholders when developing a software system. Requirement Elicitation Methods such as Interviews, QFD and FAST.

Data Modeling, Types of Keys and Types of Attributes in DBMS

Entity, Entity types, entity set, Types of attributes (composite, derived and multivalued attributes) and keys (Super Key, candidate key, primary key)

Types of Criminal Attacks & Cloud Computing

Physical and digital criminal attacks, from assault and burglary to cyberstalking, and Learn about the benefits and concerns of cloud computing.

What kind of patterns to be mined & Major issues in data mining?

What kind of patterns to be mined, Which technologies are used, What kinds of applications are targeted, Major issues in data mining.

PHP full form | What is PHP ?

PHP full form is (Hypertext Preprocessor) PHP is server-side scripting language, PHP is open-source software and PHP is compatible with various operating systems.

Harmony and Role of Values in Family, Society, and Human Relations

Harmony is a state of peaceful coexistence and balance, where individuals work together without conflicts, creating a unified and positive environment.

Encoders and Decoders in Computer Organization

Encoders convert multiple input signals into a binary code, while decoders select one output line from multiple possibilities based on a binary code.

What is File handling in C++?

File handling in C++ refers to the ability of a C++ program to read data and write data to files. File handling with external files, such as text files, binary files.

Statistical Hypothesis Testing, p-Values, Confidence Intervals.

Statistical Hypothesis Testing, p-Values, Confidence Intervals and Correlation, Simpson's Paradox, Correlation and Causation, Correlation Statistics-ANOVA

Arduino, Net Arduino, Raspberry Pi, Beagle Bone & Intel Galileo

Embedded computing , IOT supported hardware platforms such as Arduino, Net Arduino, Raspberry Pi, Beagle Bone, Intel Galileo boards and ARM cortex.

Software Testing | Software Engineering

Software testing in Software engineering helps to identifying defects in a software application. Software testing such as manual, unit, alpha testing, verification.

Arrays in PHP

Arrays in PHP provide a convenient way to store multiple values under a single variable. Types of PHP Arrays such as Indexed, Associate and Multi-dimensional Arrays.

Types of Computer Network Pdf

Computer Network Types LAN (Local Area Network) WAN (Wide Area Network) MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) PAN (Personal Area Network).

Multiplexing in Computer Network

Multiplexing in computer networks refers to the technique of combining multiple data streams or signals into a single channel for more efficient data transmission.

Input Output Organization in Computer Organization

The input-output (I/O) organization is an important computer component that manages data transfer between the computer's central processing unit (CPU)

Virtual base class in C++

Virtual base classes in C++ are essential for resolving ambiguity and eliminating redundant copies of common base class members in complex class hierarchies.

C++ Operators

Operators in C++ Arithmetic Operators , Relational Operators , Logical Operators , Bitwise Operators , Assignment Operators , Unary Operators, Conditional Operators.

What is Web Application? | Types of Web Applications with examples

Web application is an application that runs on a web servers and is accessed through a web browser. Types of Web applications such as static, dynamic and Progressive web apps.

What is OSI Model | 7 Layers Explained with Examples

The OSI Model, created by ISO in the late 1970s, is a core framework in computer networking, dividing network communication into 7 layers in the OSI Model.

Process-related Commands in Linux

In Linux, processes are the running instances of programs. Understanding and managing processes is crucial for system administrators and developers.

Memory Organization in Computer Organisation

Memory organization includes various types of memory such as Main Memory Auxiliary Memory Associative Memory Cache Memory Virtual Memory

Low level and High level languages

Low-level languages provide greater control over hardware but require more effort and expertise, while high-level languages prioritize ease of use and portability,

Linux File Management and File Security

Learn Linux file management: create, protect, and navigate files with chmod and chown. Efficiently organize and secure data with practical examples.

Composition in C++

Composition is a strong has-a relationship where one class contains another class as a fundamental part. Composition allows for encapsulating the behavior

Introductions to Graphs

A graph is a collection of points, called vertices, and lines between those points, called edges. There are many different types of graphs, such as connected and disconnected graphs, bipartite graphs, weighted graphs, directed and undirected graphs, and simple graphs.

Types of Logical Operators (Between , IN, etc) in SQL DBMS

Types of Logical Operators in SQL BETWEEN IN AND OR NOT and Null Values: Disallowing Null Values, Comparisons Using Null Values

Loops in Python

What is Vi Editor? Modes of Vi Editor

Vi editor is a powerful and widely used text editor in UNIX and Linux operating system. It allows us to create, edit and manage text files

Data Warehousing , Data Marts and Compelling Needs

Database System and Data Warehouse, The Compelling Need for data warehousing and Data marts in data warehousing

Arduino platform boards & anatomy Arduino IDE

Programming the Arduino: Arduino platform boards anatomy, Arduino IDE, Coding using emulator, Additions in Arduino, Programming the Arduino for IoT.

Combinatronics

Are you ready to dive into the fascinating world of combinatorics? In this article, we will explore the fundamental concepts of combinatorics, including basic counting principles, permutations, combinations, derangement, Pascal's Triangle, and the Binomial Theorem.

Aggregation in C++

Aggregation in C++ represents a relationship where one class contains another class as a part, creating a "has-a" association. It allows objects of one class..

Storage Classes in C

In the C programming language, storage classes determine the scope, lifetime, and visibility of variables and functions.

Elementary Concepts of Input/Output and Multithreading

Master Input/Output (I/O) and Multithreading in Java: Learn byte and character streams for data handling, plus Java's Thread class, Runnable interface, synchronization, and thread lifecycle management.

Data Transfer Operations in CSA

In computer architecture, data transfer operations are fundamental processes that enable the movement of data between various components of a computer system. These operations involve Register Transfer, Bus and Memory Transfer, Registers, and Micro-operations.

Multiplexers and Demultiplexers in CSA

Multiplexers and demultiplexers are two essential components of combinational circuits, each serving a distinct purpose in data routing and control.

Spiral model | Software Engineering

Spiral Model was introduced by Barry Boehm in the 1980s and is characterized by its iteration cycles, where each cycle is divided into four key phases.

Components, Three tier architecture and Metadata in Dwdm

Components such as Data sources, Data Staging , data loading , three tier architecture such as Data, Application layer and Metadata in the data warehouse.

Introduction To Python

Introduction to python programming : : Variables and assignment statements, data types, Operators: Assignment, Unary, Binary, Arithmetic, Relational, Logical, Bitwise Operator and membership operator

OLAP implementation considerations Data Warehouse | DWDM

OLAP implementation considerations. Query and Reporting, Executive Information Systems (EIS), Data Warehouse and Business Strategy.

What is Inheritance in Java with Example

Inheritance in Java allows one class to inherit properties from another class. Types of Inheritance in Java such as Single, Multiple, Multilevel.

IoT Architectural view, IoT Sources and M2M Communication

Internet of Things (IoT): Conceptual framework, Architectural view, Technology behind IoT, Sources of the IoT, M2M Communication, IoT examples.

Network Topologies in Computer Network

Network topology refers to how data travels within a network and how devices are linked together. Bus Topology, Star Topology, Ring Topology and Mesh Topology.

LED, OLED, Curved LED display in Computer Graphics

An LED display is a type of flat-panel display technology that uses light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to produce light and create images. LED displays are commonly used in various electronic devices, including

Software Engineering Definition | SDLC Models

Software engineering refers to developing software applications. Software engineering includes the entire SDLC (software development lifecycle)models, Waterfall , Agile

Cyber Forensics Need , Digital Forensics & RFC2822

Cyber forensics, also known as digital forensics, is a branch of forensic science that focuses on investigating digital evidence from electronic devices.

Importance of Technical Communication

Technical communication refers to the process of conveying technical or specialized information in a clear and understandable manner to a specific audience.

Operators in C

Arithmetic Operators Unary Operators Relational Operators Logical Operators Assignment Operators

Data Link Layer in Computer Network

Data Link Layer in Computer Ntework also known as Layer 2nd of the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model, acts as the vital bridge between the Physical Layer and the Network Layer.

Dimensional Modelling | STAR , Snowflake and Fact schema.

Dimensional Modeling: Multidimensional Data Model, Schemas: the STAR schema, the Snowflake schema, fact constellation schema.

Switching in Computer Network

Switching in computer networks refers to the process of forwarding data packets from one device to another within a network. Types of Switching such as Circuit Switching , Packet Switching and Message Switching.

Social network , Mobile Platform, Cloud issues in e commerce

Social network security Issues such as phishing , Account hijacking , Mobile Platform Security issues such as Malware infections, Cloud security issues.

Types of Computer Software

Computer software has two main types System software and Application software. System software manages hardware while application software.

Role of Indian Ethos and Coexistence

The Indian ethos in management redefines management as a holistic approach to encouraging ordinary people to generate extraordinary results.

Domain and Web Hosting Concepts with Examples

Web hosting is an online service that enables you to publish your website or web application on the internet

Virtual Function in C++

In C++, a Virtual function is a class member function declared using virtual keyword in the base class and can be overridden by derived classes.

Aliasing and Antialiasing in Computer Graphics

In computer graphics, aliasing causes jagged edges. Antialiasing smoothens visuals for a more appealing look.

Ecommerce Components , Third party & Data Layer Integrations

Components of E-commerce, Third party integrations: Payment systems, Data Layer Integrations for analytics, Customer support integration and Order tracking

Parallel Computing vs Distributed Computing

Parallel and distributed computing are two approaches used to solve complex problems by dividing them into smaller tasks and processing them

Data Transformation, discretization, and apriori algorithm

Data pre-processing, data cleaning, data integration, data reduction, data transformation and data discretization, IRIS datasets. and apriori algorithm.

Processes in Operating Systems (Os) with Examples

When a program is loaded into memory and starts running, it becomes a process. Each process has its own memory space, resources, and execution state.

Exception Handling in C++

Exception handling in C++ is a mechanism that allows you to deal with unexpected or exceptional situations that may occur during the execution of a program.

Structures and Union in C

A structure stores each member in separate memory locations, whereas a union stores all its members in the same memory location.

Call by value and call by reference in C++

Call by value and call by reference are two different ways to pass arguments to functions in C++. Call by value works with copies of arguments while call by reference.

IP Addressing in Computer Network

An IP (Internet Protocol) address is a numerical label assigned to each device connected to a computer network. IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4) IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6).

what is Java Programming?

why Learn Java. Java is an OOP (Object-oriented programming) language. Java is known for its platform independence, as code written in Java can run on various operating systems.

Intrusion , Host-Based , Adaptive Detection and Honeypots

Host-Based , Distributed Host-Based , Network-Based , Distributed Adaptive , Intrusion Detection Exchange Format, Honeypots, Virtual Private Network

Artificial Neural Networks in Machine Learning

The term "Artificial Neural Network" comes from replicating the structure of the human brain, which is composed of biological neural networks.

Secret Key , Public Key Encryption, Digital Certificates and PKI

Encryption, Types of Encryption such as Symmetric ,Secret Key Encryption , Public Key Encryption algorithm , Digital Certificates and public key infrastructure

Line Graph, Bar charts, Pie-charts, Scatter plots, multiple plots

Line Graph, Bar charts, Pie-charts, Scatter plots, multiple plots, Subplots, Legends, Functions like relplot(), displot() ,catplot () and Seaborn Library

Boolean Algebra and Logic

Boolean algebraic functions are mostly expressed with binary variables, logic operation symbols, parentheses, and equal sign. For a given value of variables, the Boolean function can be either 1 or 0.

Linear Programming: Unlocking Optimization with Graphical and Simplex Methods

Explore the power of linear programming and optimize your decision-making process using the graphical and simplex methods. Unlock efficiency and maximize outcomes with this comprehensive guide.

Types of Sampling and Sampling Distribution

What is sampling and types of sampling such as Random, Stratified, Convenience, Systematic and cluster sampling as well as sampling distribution.

Wireless medium access issues and MAC protocols

Wireless medium access issues, MAC protocol survey such as Random Access Protocols Carrier Sense Multiple Access CSMA/CD (Collision Detection)

PHP Database Connectivity: Access a Database using PHP

PHP Database Connectivity , Relational Databases , SQL, PHP Data Objects, MySQLi Object Interface, SQLite, MongoDB and PHP database.

Modules and Packages in Python

Modules and packages are fundamental to structuring Python code effectively. They allow you to reuse code and organize functionality.

Cohesion and Coupling in Software Engineering

Cohesion refers to how well a module is organized. Coupling refers to the level of dependency between different modules in a software system.

Instruction Codes and Instruction Cycle in Computer Organization

Instruction codes, like binary patterns, specify CPU operations. The instruction cycle—fetching, decoding, executing, and storing ensures systematic processing.

Classical Waterfall model | Software Engineering

Classical Waterfall Model in Software Engineering also known as the Traditional Waterfall Model, is a linear and sequential approach to software development.

Introduction to Human Values and Need of Education

human values play a vital role in our lives, helping us make ethical choices, build strong relationships, and pursue happiness and prosperity.

Data mining for retail and telecommunication industries

Applications of data mining: Data mining for retail and telecommunication industries, data mining and recommender systems.

What is Social Media Marketing | Strategies, Platforms, and How it works

Discover the transformative world of social media marketing. Explore strategies, platforms, and essential elements for a successful digital marketing campaign in today's digital age.

GUI Programming, GUI Widgets and Database Access | DV

GUI Programming, GUI Widgets with Tkinter, Creating Layouts, Check Box, Radio Buttons, List Box, Menus, Database Connectivity Operations:

Ecosystems (Biotic and Abiotic Components) in EVS

Structure of ecosystem , Functions of Ecosystem: Physical (energy flow), Biological (food chains, food web, ecological succession) and homeostasis.

Organizational Behavior Nature , Culture and Challenges

Organizational Behavior (OB) is the study of how people behave within an organization and how their actions impact the organization's functioning. It's all about understanding and managing human behavior in the workplace

Creativity: The Indispensable Force in Entrepreneurship and Innovation

Unlock Innovation & Success: Explore Creativity's Role in Entrepreneurship. Learn Steps to Foster Creative Thinking, Define Innovation, Problem-Solving, & Decision-Making. Real-World Examples Highlighting Innovation's Impact.

What is Computer Hardware?

Computer hardware comprises the physical components of a computer system, from the motherboard and CPU to input/output devices and storage media.

Hermite Curve in Computer Graphics

The Hermite curve in computer graphics is an interpolation spline curve. Hermite curve was named after Charles Hermite, a French mathematician.

Polygon Meshes in Computer Graphics

A polygon mesh in Computer Graphics is composed of vertices, edges, and faces that define the shape and surface of an object.

NumPy , Array Types and Array Operations in Python

NumPy (Numerical Python) is a Python library. It provides support for multi-dimensional arrays, along with a collection of mathematical functions for arrays.

Analytics Process Model and Data Sources for data collection

Analytics Process Model, Analytics part in different profiles, Analytical Model Requirements and Data Sources for data collection in Data Visualization

Tools for Social Media Marketing (SMM) and Marketing communication

we will provide an overview of some prominent SMM and marketing communication tools, including Buffer, Hootsuite, Canva, Trello, and Hotjar. These tools are designed to aid marketers, businesses, and individuals in achieving their goals with greater ease and effectiveness.

Software Risks and Effective Risk Management

Learn about various types of software risks, including technical risks, schedule risks, budget risks, quality risks, and security risks. risk assessment and how to identify potential issues early.

SQL and Types of SQL Commands in DBMS

SQL queries and SQL command types such as Data Definition Language (DDL) , Data Manipulation Language (DML) and Data Control Language (DCL).

What is Virtualization in Cloud Computing

Virtualization is a technology which allows multiple operating systems and applications to run on a single physical server. Pros and Cons of Virtualization

Cloud Computing Architecture and Cloud Reference Model

cloud computing is like renting computing power and storage space over the internet instead of owning and maintaining your computer systems.

Types of Technical communication

Technical communication is categorized into various types : Written Communication Verbal Communication Visual Communication and Digital Communication

Integrity constraints , Aggregate & Comparison operators in DBMS

Primary Key, Not NULL, Unique, Check, Referential key Introduction to Nested Queries, Correlated Nested Queries, Set-Comparison & Aggregate Operators

Organizing Process and Decentralization in Management

Organizing involves systematically structuring resources and tasks to achieve goals. Decentralization offers flexibility but demands effective communication

Distributed Data processing, schema and instances in DBMS

Data processing in database management System, schema and instances, data independence and Logical Data Independence, Physical Data Independence

Inner joins, Outer Joins, Views, Sequences, Indexes, Triggers

Inner joins, outer joins, left outer joins, right outer joins, and full outer joins, Views, Sequences, Indexes, Triggers and stored procedure in DBMS

Introduction to AI (Artificial Intelligence)

AI (Artificial Intelligence) is when computers are made to think and learn like humans.

Linux Commands and Architecture in Operating System

Linux is an open-source, Unix-like operating system kernel that serves as the core of various Linux distributions.

What kind of data can be mined in Data mining | DWDM

Structured data Unstructured data Semi structured data Time series data Spatial data Web data Biological data in data warehousing and data mining

Exploring Interpolation and Nonlinear Equation Solutions: Tools for Numerical Analysis and Approximation

This article delves into the concepts of interpolation and solutions of nonlinear equations, providing a comprehensive understanding of these fundamental numerical analysis techniques. It covers interpolation formulas, including Newton's forward, backward, and divided difference formulas, and explores methods such as the bisection method, false position method, and Newton-Raphson method for solving equations involving one variable. With practical examples and explanations, readers will gain the necessary knowledge to effectively approximate functions and find solutions to nonlinear equations in various fields of study.

CPU Scheduling in Operating Systems (Os) with Examples

CPU scheduling involves the management of processes in a system and determines which process gets access to the central processing unit (CPU)

File Handling in PHP with Example

File handling in PHP refers to working with files, such as creating files, reading files, writing files, and manipulating the files within the PHP.

Interactive and Non Interactive graphics in Computer Graphics

Interactive graphics let users control and change visuals in real-times. Non-interactive graphics show pre-made visuals without user control.

Introduction to Environmental Studies

Evs which stands for Environmental studies is a captivating field that examines the intricate link between the environment and human actions.

Professional Ethics in the Workplace

A code of professional ethics are required to establish the acceptable norms and practices within your organisation's work environment.

Operators in Python

Transport Layer in Computer Networks

In computer networks, the Transport Layer in OSI model serves as a critical bridge between applications, ensuring reliable communication, efficient data sharing

Sets Relations, Functions, and Propositional Logic

In the field of mathematics, various concepts and theories lay the foundation for understanding and solving complex problems. Sets, relations, functions, and propositional logic are fundamental building blocks in this realm.

Exploring the Fundamentals and Applications of Probability Theory

This article provides an introduction to the fundamental concepts of probability theory and their applications. It covers the axiomatic definition of probability, addition and multiplication theorems, conditional probability, Bayes' theorem, and various probability distributions. With explanations, examples, and formulas, readers will gain a solid understanding of probability and its relevance in fields such as statistics, physics, finance, and computer science. Whether preparing for exams or seeking a quick refresher, this article serves as a comprehensive guide to probability theory.

C Basics

C is a general-purpose computer programming language. It was created in the 1970s by Dennis Ritchie, and remains very widely used and influential.

OOPS concepts in PHP with examples

OOPS concepts in PHP with examples. Object-Oriented Programming is like building a program by breaking it down into smaller, reusable parts (objects) that have both data and abilities.

Exception Handling in Java with Examples

Exception handling in Java is a mechanism that handle error occur during the execution of a program known as exceptions.

Three Dimensional (3D) Viewing in Computer Graphics

Two types of projections parallel and perspective: parallel includes orthographic and oblique. while perspective includes classes such as one-point, two-point,etc

What is XML Full Form? | XML VS HTML

XML (Extensible Markup Language) is a widely used language for structuring and storing data in a human-readable and machine-readable format.

Software Metrics in Software Engineering

Software Metrics in Software Engineering are quantitative measurements used to assess various aspects of a software product, the development process, and the overall project.

Smart metering, E-health, City automation | Iot Applications

Smart metering, E-health, City automation, Automotive applications, Home automation, Smart cards, Mobiles Designing of smart street lights in smart city.

Stack Organization in Computer Organization

Stack organization is a critical aspect of computer system architecture, and it plays a fundamental role in managing the execution of programs and handling function calls.

Cyber Security Layers , CyberCrime and Cyber Criminals

Cybersecurity is the practice of protecting computer systems, networks, and data from theft, damage, or unauthorized access.

Network Security Features and Issues

Network Security features and related issues- Types of authentication, Security measures to ensure confidentiality, integrity, anonymity, etc.

Introduction to Digital Marketing: Potential of the P.O.E.M Framework

We will delve into the fundamental concepts of digital marketing, its significance, a comparison with traditional marketing, diverse digital channels, business models, strategic frameworks, and more.

Depth-Buffer (Z-Buffer) Method in Computer Graphics

In computer graphics, the Depth-Buffer method, also known as the Z-buffer method, is a technique used for hidden surface removal.

Transmission Media in Computer Network

Transmission media in computer network refer to the physical pathways. Types of Transmission media Guided media and Unguided media.

Agile Model | Software Engineering

Agile model in Software Engineering breaks the project into manageable steps. Agile Model is designed to respond to changing requirements and feedback.

Types of ecommerce B2B, B2C, C2C and M-commerce

Types of eCommerce Business-to-Business (B2B) Business-to-Consumer (B2C) Consumer to Consumer (C2C) Mobile Commerce Social commerce

OLAP models MOLAP , ROLAP and DOLAP model | DWDM

OLAP models, overview of variations, the MOLAP model, the ROLAP model, the DOLAP model, ROLAP versus MOLAP data warehousing and data mining

Firewalls , Firewall Design Principles in Network Security

Firewalls, Types, Features, Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems, Intruders, Firewall Design Principles, Packet filtering firewall, VPN.

What is Session Layer in OSI Model

Session Layer in the OSI Model serves as a critical intermediary that manages sessions, ensuring their establishment, maintenance, and graceful termination.

3D Transformations of translation, scaling and rotation

3D transformations translation, scaling, and rotation provide the basis for creating visually appealing and dynamic 3D graphics.

Virtual Currencies, Online Banking and Payment Gateway

,Social Peer to Peer Payment systems, Digital Cash and Virtual Currencies, Online Banking, Payment Gateway, Electronic Billing Presentment and Payment.

Ecosystems Types , Services and Energy resources in EVS

Tundra, Forest, Grassland, Desert, Aquatic , Ecosystem services , Basics of Ecosystem restoration and Energy resources: Renewable and non-renewable

Raster and Random Scan display in Computer Graphics

Random scan excels in precise vector graphics with real-time interactivity, while raster scan dominates modern computing.

The Entrepreneur’s Role in Society: Shaping Mindsets, Inspiring Change

Explore the impactful role of entrepreneurs in society, driving innovation, fostering growth, and inspiring change. Discover how visionary minds, from tech giants to fashion pioneers, shape industries with an entrepreneurial mindset. Uncover the influence of design thinking, mentorship, and global icons like Ratan Tata. Embrace a legacy of innovation, resilience, and societal transformation. Unlock the power of entrepreneurship for a brighter future.

C Standard Library Functions

C standard library functions are stdio.h, stdlib.h , conio.h , ctype.h, math.h , string.h, etc.

Functions in C

The function contains the set of programming statements enclosed by {}. Function is a block of code that performs a specific task.

DBMS architecture, data Models and database approach

Database management system, Characteristics of database approach, DBMS architecture, client/server, data Models (Document-data-model).

Supervised Learning Algorithms in ML (Machine Learning)

Decision Trees Tree Pruning Rule-based Classification Support Vector Machines (SVM) k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN) Random Forest Algorithm

Challenges in Internet of Things Design

Designing IoT systems involves addressing several complex challenges such as Power consumption Interoperability Scalability Security Data management.

File Handling in Python

File handling in Python involves working with various types of files, including text files, binary files, and CSV files. You can perform a range of operations on files, such as creating, writing, appending, inserting, deleting, updating, and modifying data.

Arrays in C

Arrays are used to store multiple values in a single variable, instead of declaring separate variables for each value.

Relational Algebra in DBMS

Relational algebra is a formal language used to manipulate and query relational databases. It provides a set of operations that can be applied to relations (tables) to retrieve and transform data. This article will focus on the basic operations of relational algebra, namely selection and projection, as well as set theoretic operations like union, intersection, set difference, and division. Additionally, we will touch upon concepts from relational calculus, such as domain, tuple, well-formed formula, specification, and quantifiers. Throughout the article, we will provide simple explanations and code examples to help you understand these fundamental concepts of database management.

Surface Rendering in Computer Graphics with examples

Surface rendering involves the simulation of light interaction with 3D surfaces, considering factors like light sources, material properties, and reflection models.

Ecommerce infrastructure (web and mobile applications)

Internet drives global e-commerce with secure transactions, while web and mobile apps enhance user experiences for convenient shopping.

Unicast Routing Protocols in Computer Networks

Unicast routing protocols like RIP, OSPF, and BGP play crucial roles in determining how data packets are routed in computer networks.

Drill-down and roll-up, slice-and-dice, pivot or rotation | DWDM

OLAP Operations Drill-down and roll-up, slice-and-dice, pivot or rotation with examples | data warehouse and data mining

Network Management Security in Network Security

IP security policy, (ESP), Network Management Security, SNMP Architecture,Available software platforms/case tools, Configuration Management.

Types of Operating Systems (Os) with Examples

Single Batch Operating System Multi-Programmed Operating System Time-Sharing Operating System Distributed Operating System Network Operating System

Constructors in Java

Constructors in Java are special methods within a class that are responsible for initializing the instance variables of an object when it is created. Explore Default Constructor , Copy Constructor , Constructor overloading and Parameterized Constructor.

Motivation & theories (Maslow’s, Herzberg , McGregor’s)

Motivation is what pushes people to do things and work toward their goals. Motivation is the process that initiates, guides and maintains goal-oriented behaviors.

Exploring the Essence of Business and Leadership

Explore the essence of business and leadership: from management and effective planning to leadership's role in entrepreneurship. Learn how comprehensive business plans drive success

Introduction to Matplotlib (Bar graphs & Pie Charts)

Matplotlib is a Python library for creating various types of data visualizations, including charts, plots, and graphs.

Clustering in Machine learning

Clustering is the process of dividing a population or data into groups such that data points in the same group are similar to other data points in the same group.

Types of Routing in Computer Networks

Routing in computer networks is about choosing how data travels. There are two types: Static Routing: Manual, and predictable. Dynamic Routing: Automatic.

What is an Operating System with Examples

An Operating System (OS) can be thought of as the manager of your computer. It manages all the hardware and software, ensuring they work together smoothly.

Swings Fundamentals: Building User Interfaces with Java Swing

Master Java Swing components like JLabel, JButton, and JList with beginner-friendly code examples. Learn event handling, JDBC integration, and create interactive GUI applications. Boost your Java skills and understand Swing fundamentals for building visually appealing interfaces.

Rote Learning in AI

Rote learning in AI refers to a form of memorization where model memorizes information without understanding context.

Mastering Numerical Methods: Solving Simultaneous Equations, Differentiation, and Integration with Examples

Explore the world of numerical methods with our comprehensive article on solving simultaneous equations, numerical differentiation, and numerical integration. Learn the Gaussian Elimination Method, LU Decomposition, Gauss-Jacobi and Gauss-Seidel methods, and Gauss-Jordan Method for solving linear systems. Discover how to approximate derivatives at tabular and non-tabular points using difference formulas. Dive into numerical integration techniques like the Trapezoidal Rule and Simpson's 1/3 Rule. With detailed examples and explanations, this article will enhance your understanding of these fundamental numerical methods.

Linear and Binary Search, Selection Sort and Bubble Sort

Searching and Sorting: Linear and Binary Search, Selection Sort, Bubble Sort, Insertion Sort, Merge Sort, Comparison of Searching and Sorting Algorithms.

What are Data types in C++

In C++, data types are classifications that specify which type of data a variable can hold. Data types in C++ help ensure type safety and memory allocation.

What is Bootstrap ? Why use Bootstrap?, Container class and Tables

Bootstrap is an open-source front-end framework that simplifies web development by providing a collection of pre-designed, responsive components and CSS classes.

What is Written Communication?

Written communication is conveying information, ideas, or messages through written words, such as letters, reports, emails, and documents.

Pure Virtual function and Abstract Class in C++

Pure virtual function is a special type of virtual function that is declared in an abstract base class but has no implementation in that class. An abstract class

Parallel Processing Architecture , Approaches and laws

parallel processing involves the simultaneous execution of multiple tasks to achieve faster and more efficient computation.

Cohen Sutherland Algorithm in Computer Graphics

The Cohen-Sutherland algorithm is a method used in computer graphics for line-clipping. It helps determine which parts of a line segment should be visible

Cloud Computing Characteristics, benefits, and Challenges

Cloud computing is a paradigm that involves the delivery of computing services over the Internet, providing users with access to a shared pool of resources.

What is Oral Communication?

Oral communication refers to the process of transmitting information through spoken words. Oral communication is fundamental form of human communication.

Planning Purpose , Process and Decision Making

Planning defines goals and actions, offering a roadmap for resource efficiency. Decision making guides optimal choices, ensuring successful outcomes

Staffing & Directing Explained with Examples

Staffing is a fundamental management function that involves selecting, recruiting, training, and retaining individuals for various positions within an organization.

IoT/M2M systems layers and Design standardization in IOT

IoT/M2M systems layers and design standardization, Communication technologies, Data enrichment and consolidation, Ease of designing and affordability.

Why Machine learning (ML), Types of ML problems ,Applications

Machine Learning (ML) encompasses various types, including Supervised, Unsupervised, Semi-Supervised, and Reinforcement Learning

Types of Clouds in Cloud Computing

three primary service models in cloud computing are Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS).

Electronic Payment Systems , EFTs and Smart Cards

Electronics payments, electronic Fund Transfer, Digital Token based Electronics payment System, Smart Cards, Credit Cards, Debit Cards in E commerce

Leadership Concepts & Styles in Management

Leadership is the art of guiding and motivating a group of individuals to achieve a common goal.

Semaphores in Os (Operating Systems) with example

Semaphores provide a way to achieve mutual exclusion and coordinate access to shared resources. Binary semaphores and counting semaphores.

Unraveling the Potency of Relational Data Models

Discover the essentials of Relational Data Models, including terminology domains, attributes, tuples, relations, relational constraints, and Codd's Rules. Dive into the world of database organization and understand how these models shape the foundation of modern information management.

Regression and Classification in ML (Machine Learning)

Regression predicts numerical values, classification assigns data to predefined categories, confusion matrices evaluate model performance, logistic regression

Classification of Computer

Computers come in various shapes and sizes, Four classifications of computers: Microcomputers, Minicomputers, Mainframe computers, and Supercomputers.

How to Build an Ecommerce Presence for Web App?

Planning, System Analysis, Design, Choosing Software, Hardware, Tools For website design, Tools for SEO such as ahrefs, Interactivity (Server side scripting).

PHP Functions with Examples

PHP functions are blocks of reusable code that perform specific tasks. PHP has a vast standard library of built-in functions. PHP User defined Functions.

Knowledge Representation in AI (Artificial Intelligence)

Knowledge representation refers to the process of structuring and organizing information in a manner that enables computers and systems to comprehend, reason, and make decisions based on it.

Access Specifiers in C++ Example

In C++, access specifiers control the visibility and accessibility of class members (variables and functions) from outside the class Public, Private and Protected.

Deadlock Prevention, Deadlock Avoidance | Deadlock Detection

A deadlock occurs when a process or thread enters a waiting state because a requested system resource is held by another waiting process, which in turn is waiting for another resource held by another waiting process.

Requirement Analysis | Software Engineering

Software Requirement Analysis in Software Engineering. Software Requirement Analysis is an in-depth examination of project requirements

Biodiversity Conservation Strategies in EVS

Biodiversity conservation strategies: in-situ and ex-situ methods of conservation and Case studies: Contemporary Indian wildlife and biodiversity issues.

Missing Values, Outlier Detection , Standardization and z-score

Missing Values , Outlier Detection and Treatment, Standardization using Min/max and z-score, categorization, Segmentation.

Survey , Static , Dynamic and Interior Routing Protocols

Static, Dynamic Path Vector ,Routing Protocols , Interior Gateway Routing Protocols (IGPs) , Distance Vector Routing Protocols,Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)

Functions in C++

functions are self-contained blocks of code that perform a specific task. Functions in C++ allow you to break down your code into smaller, manageable parts.

Static Member Function in C++

In C++, a static member function is a member function of a class that is associated with the class itself rather than with individual instances (objects) of the class.

What is Computer Graphics?

Computer graphics is a fascinating field that involves creating and editing visual images using computers.

Biodiversity, Levels, Values and Threats in EVS

Levels of biological diversity: genetic, species and ecosystem, Value of biodiversity: Ecological, economic, social, ethical, aesthetic, Threats to biodiversity

Introduction to HTML

HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the most basic building block of the Web. It defines the meaning and structure of web content.

Introduction to CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)

CSS is used to define styles for your web pages, including the design, layout and variations in display for different devices and screen sizes.

Prototype model | Software Engineering

Prototype Model in software engineering focuses on building a prototype which is an early version of a product. Prototype is created to test and validate ideas.

Virtual Memory in Operating System (Os) with examples

Virtual memory in operating system (OS) is like a smart assistant for your computer that helps it manage its memory more efficiently.

Strings in Python

A string is indeed a sequence of characters enclosed within either double quotation marks ("") or single quotation marks (''). Strings are a fundamental data type in computer programming and are used to represent and manipulate textual data.

What is an Operating System and Functions of Operating System

An operating system (OS) is a crucial software component that serves as the bridge between hardware and software in a computing system.

Control Structures in Python

Control structures in Python are like the navigation tools in a Python program. They help you decide what to do next based on certain conditions.

DDA (Digital Differential Analyzer) Algorithm Computer Graphics

Digital Differential Analyzer (DDA) algorithm is a straightforward method for scan-converting lines in computer graphics. It calculates the intermediate points

Process Synchronization in Operating Systems (Os) with examples

Process Synchronization involves ensuring that multiple processes can work together in a coordinated and orderly manner to avoid conflicts in the OS.

Half, Full and Parallel adder in COA

half-adder is a basic digital circuit that adds two binary numbers. A full adder extends this concept to handle three inputs (A, B, and carry-in).

Templates in C++

Templates are a fundamental part of C++'s support for generic programming. Types of Templates in C++ Function Template Class Template.

Functional Dependencies, Armstrong's rule, & Normalization

Data Normalization: Functional dependencies, Armstrong's inference rule, & Normalization (Upto BCNF) in DBMS.

COCOMO Model in Software Engineering Notes

COCOMO (Constructive Cost Model) in Software Engineering which helps to predict project costs, effort, and duration.The COCOMO model was first introduced by Dr. Barry Boehm in 1981

Inheritance in C++

In C++, inheritance is a fundamental OOP concept that enables you to create new classes based on existing classes. Types of Inheritance in C++

Backpropagation and Overfitting in Machine Learning

Backpropagation is a supervised learning algorithm used or employed to train artificial neural networks. It involves the iterative adjustment of network weights.

Constructors in C++

Constructor in C++ is a special member function used to initialize an object when it is created. Constructors have the same name as the class and do not have a return type.

Authentication Protocols in Network Security

Authentication protocols such as Kerberos, X.509, E-Mails security, PGP, S/MIME, IPsec, and SNMP architecture stand as pillars of data protection.

Computer Memory Units

Computer memory consists of primary memory (RAM and ROM), secondary memory (HDD, CD, DVD, and Flash memory), and cache memory,

Operator Overloading in C++

Operator overloading in C++ allows you to define custom behaviors for operators when applied to objects of user-defined classes.

What is TCP/IP Model | 5 layers Explained

TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol), is a set of communication protocols that form most computer networks. It consists of five layers.

Transmission Modes in Computer Network

Transmission mode refers to the way data is transmitted between two devices. Transmission modes such as Simplex, Half Duplex and Full Duplex.

Types of hardware virtualization Full partial , para virtualization

There are several types of hardware virtualization as follows Full Virtualization Partial Virtualization Para Virtualization

Soft Skills and Language Skills

Soft skills, also known as interpersonal or people skills, are a set of personal attributes and abilities that influence how effectively you can interact, communicate.

Cyber crimes, Spoofing , Sniffing, and DDOS attack

Cyber crimes, Credit card frauds/theft, Identity fraud, Spoofing , Sniffing, DOS and DDOS attacks and their effects on e-commerce.

Controlling Significance and Process of Control

Controlling in management refers to the process of monitoring and regulating activities to ensure they align with the organization's goals and standards.

Computer Number System

In computing, number systems are foundational for representing values, with positional and non-positional number systems being the two main categories.

Functional and Non-functional Requirements in Software Engineering

Functional requirements outline specific features the software must perform. Non-functional requirements focus on how software operates, encompassing performance, security, reliability, and usability.

Electronic commerce, Ecommerce & E Business features

Electronic Commerce, Evolution of e-commerce, E-Commerce & E Business, Unique features of e-commerce such as convenience, personalization,etc.

Network Security Models , Threats, TLS, SSL

Network Security Models such as Access Control Lists (ACLs) , Bell-LaPadula Model , Biba Model , Clark-Wilson Model and Network Security Threats.

Memory Management in OS (Operating systems)

Memory management is a critical aspect of operating systems, ensuring efficient utilization of a computer's memory resources.

C ++ OOPs (Object-Oriented Programming) Concepts

OOPs in C++ allow you to define classes, create objects, and implement the core OOP concepts like Abstraction, Encapsulation, Inheritance, and Polymorphism.

Network Devices in Computer Network

Network devices in a computer network are physical devices or virtual components that enable the transmission. These devices such as Hubs, Bridges, Switches.

Handling Uncertainty in AI (Artificial Intelligence)

Handling uncertainty in AI refers to the ability of artificial intelligence systems to make decisions in uncertainty.

Environmental Pollution (Air, water, soil, and noise) in EVS

Environmental pollution (Air, water, soil, thermal, and noise) causes, effects, and controls; Primary and secondary air pollutants; Air and water quality standards.

OOPS Concepts in Java with Examples

Object-Oriented Programming System OOPs includes abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.

Entity Relationships, E-R, specialization and generalization

Relationships, relation types such as one-to-one , many-to-many, one-to-many, weak entities, enhanced E-R, specialization and generalization in DBMS.

Sensors, Digital sensors, Actuators, RFID , WSN and PST

Sensors, Digital sensors, Actuators, Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology, Wireless sensor networks, Participatory sensing technology.

Generations of Computers

Computer Generations First Generation (1940s-1950s) Second Generation (1950s-1960s) Third Generation (1960s-1970s) Fourth Generation (1970s-Present)

PHP Forms

PHP Get and Post Methods, HTML form controls , PHP State Management: Cookies, Session, Query String, Hidden Field in PHP.

Taxonomy of virtualization techniques in cloud computing

Hardware Virtualization Operating System Virtualization Application Virtualization Storage Virtualization Network Virtualization Memory Virtualization

Entrepreneurship: Paving the Path to Success

Unlock the Power of Entrepreneurship: Explore its Meaning, Historical Evolution, and Vital Role in Economic Growth. Discover Key Traits of Successful Entrepreneurs, Factors Shaping Businesses, and Supportive Institutions in India. Start Your Entrepreneurial Journey Informed and Inspired.

General Register Organization in Computer Organization

In computer organization, general register organization plays a crucial role in facilitating efficient data storage, retrieval, and manipulation within the (CPU).