Biodiversity Conservation Strategies in EVS

Biodiversity Conservation Strategies

In-situ Conservation

• This approach focuses on protecting species and habitats within their natural environments.
• It includes the establishment and management of protected areas such as National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries.
• These areas provide safe havens for wildlife, promote sustainable land use practices, and encourage research and education.
• Focusing on the conservation of endangered and threatened species by safeguarding their natural habitats and populations.
• Example: Protecting the habitat of endangered species like the snow leopard in the Himalayan region through conservation efforts.

Ex-situ Conservation

• This includes captive breeding programs, seed banks, botanical gardens, and zoos.
• These initiatives play a vital role in conserving endangered species and ensuring their genetic diversity.

Seed Banks

• Preservation of Genetic Diversity: Seed banks store seeds of various plant species, ensuring the preservation of genetic diversity even if the natural populations are lost.
• Crop Improvement: Agricultural seed banks focus on preserving and improving crop varieties, safeguarding food security.

Zoos and Botanical Gardens

• Conservation Breeding Programs: Zoos play a crucial role in breeding and reintroducing endangered species into the wild, contributing to their conservation.
• Public Awareness: Zoos and botanical gardens educate the public about the importance of biodiversity conservation and the challenges faced by various species.

Cryopreservation

• Long-term Genetic Storage: Cryopreservation involves preserving cells, reproductive material at ultra-low temperatures, allowing the storage of genetic material for an extended period.
• Conservation of Endangered Species: This method is particularly useful for conserving the genetic material of critically endangered species.

India's Wildlife Conservation (Case Studies)

Project Tiger

• Project Tiger, initiated in 1973, was designed with the objective of safeguarding the Bengal Tiger along with its natural habitat.
• It has contributed to the recovery of tiger populations and raised awareness about the importance of conserving India's national animal.

Project Elephant

• Initiated in 1992, Project Elephant focuses on the conservation and welfare of elephants across the country.
• It addresses threats such as habitat loss, poaching, and human-elephant conflicts, while also promoting the involvement of local communities in elephant conservation.

Vulture Breeding Program

• India has witnessed a significant decline in vulture populations due to the use of diclofenac, a veterinary drug that is toxic to vultures.
• The Vulture Breeding Program aims to breed and reintroduce vultures into the wild, contributing to the recovery of these essential scavengers.

Project Great Indian Bustard

• The Great Indian Bustard, a critically endangered bird species, faces severe threats from habitat loss and hunting.
• Project Great Indian Bustard focuses on habitat conservation, community engagement, and research to protect this iconic species from extinction.

Crocodile Conservation Project

• India is home to several species of crocodiles, including the critically endangered Gharial.
• The Crocodile Conservation Project aims to protect and restore crocodile habitats, and facilitate research and monitoring to ensure the survival of these reptiles.

Silent Valley Movement

• The Silent Valley Movement was a significant environmental campaign in the 1970s that successfully prevented the construction of a hydroelectric dam in Silent Valley, Kerala.
• The movement highlighted the importance of preserving pristine forests and the unique biodiversity they harbor.

Western Ghats Movement

• The Western Ghats, a UNESCO World Heritage site, is a biodiversity hotspot of global significance.
• The Save Western Ghats Movement advocates for the conservation and sustainable development of this ecologically fragile region, emphasizing the need to protect its unique flora, fauna, and indigenous communities.

Conclusion